Nawa yuwa Issue 56 Aug./Sept. 2001

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cf/De
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v]ns"b
o'jf ;d:of
n'vf:t
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/f]rs} /f]rs
dx hf]8L
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xfd|f] 7]ufgf
k':tssf /fhf
gjo'jf ;xsdL{af/]

h+undf eSg]===

k':tssf /fhf / ;fFRrLsf /fhf

— vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf

d ;fgf] 5Fbf ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] dfG5] /fhf lyof] . /fhf o:tf], /fhf p:tf] . olt t /fhf klg plk|mg ;Sb}g . of] s'/f] t /fhf klg hfGb}g . olt t /fhfn] klg vfg ;Sb}g . olt k};f t /fhf;Fu klg x'Fb}g . xf], o;f] eGg' xfd|f] afn ;+;f/sf] y]uf]h:t} lyof] eg] klg x'G5 . ;+;f/df ;aeGbf alnof] /fhf . ;+;f/df ;aeGbf hfGg] /fhf . ;+;f/df ;aeGbf w]/} vfg] /fhf . ;+;f/df ;aeGbf wgL /fhf .

o;/L /fhf d]/f] hLjgsf] gd"gf kfq aGof] . /fhf d]/f] hLjgsf] lx/f] . dflg;x?df ;a}eGbf pQd dflg; /fhf . 7"nf] eP/ tF sf] h:tf] x'g] xf];\, s]6f < /fhfh:tf] . xf], /fhfh:t} alnof] . /fhfh:t} hfGg] . /fhfn] hltg} vfg] . /fhf hlQs} wgL .

xfd|f ufpFdf b'O{–rf/hgf lgs} x'g]vfg] d'lvofx? lyP . p;f] t Ps–b'O{hgf ;'Aafx? klg lyP . /fd|/L pAhfp x'g] ultnf v]t–vnfhlt ltg}sf lyP . /x/nfUbf vfon–af/L lyP ltg}sf . ef]6] s's'/ / c/aL 3f]8f ltg}sf cfFugdf b]lvGy] . l6g 7f]s]sf jf le+mu6L nfPsf 3/ ltg}sf lyP . ;'gsf uxgf nfP/ kx]+Nk'/ x'g] :jf:gL / 5f]/L ltg}sf lyP . tL d'lvof / ;'Aaf ufpFsf /fhf lyP . ltgsf] rsrsL b]Vbf tLh:t} x'g kfP s:tf] x'GYof] eg]/ d]/f] dg slNkGYof] . clg ltgsf] dgk/L b]Vof] ls dnfO{ tL;Fu hª\ rn]/ cfpFYof] . o;/L tL ufpFsf /fhf d]/f cfFvfdf pRr klg lyP / ;+;Fu} t'R5 klg lyP .

g]kfn vfN8f]sf /fhf vfN8f]d} a:y], ptf xfd|f] ufpFlt/ slxNo} hfFb}gy] . d uDy]+, dflysf 7"nf /fhf log} tnsf ;fgf /fhfh:t} t x'Fbf x'g\ lg . log} d'lvofh:tf . log} ;'Aafh:tf . wgsf] r'r'/f]dfly plePsf . wfsL, /afkmL, x]kfxf, ldrfxf, r';fxf . t}klg pm ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] dflg; Û pm cfFugdf ef]6] s's'/ kfN5 / ;f/f dflg;sf] ;ftf] vfG5 . pm 3f]8fdf r9]/ cUnf] x'G5 / xf]rf dflg;x?nfO{ tn x]5{ . 3f]8f r9\g] ;a}nfO{ pl5g]/ w"nf] p8fpFb} pm cufl8 hfG5 . c? ;a} p;sf kl5kl5 w"nfdf n'v'/–n'v'/ lx+8\5g\ . pm 3f]8fdflyaf6 tn e"OFsfx?nfO{ xKsfpF5, k}bn lx+8\g]x? p;sf] 8fsf] ;'g]/ d'G6f] lgx'/fpF5g\ . p;sf] df6f]df vghf]t ul/lbg] c?x?g} x'G5g\, afnL yGSofpg] pm PSnf] x'G5 . y'k|f] dflg;x? ?vf]–;'vf] cfwf k]6 vfP/ ;'T5g\, pm 6Gg l3p–eft ahfP/ 8\ofp8\ofp 8sf5{ / d:t;Fu 3'5{ . xf], ufpFsf] /fhf pxL xf] . pxL d'lvof . pxL ;'Aaf .

ufpFsf gfy] /fhfsf] oltlalw rsrsL 5 eGb]lvg\ b]zsf /fhfsf] rfn s:tf] xf]nf Û d hlthlt sNkgf ub}{ hfGy]+, /fhf pltplt cUnf] x'Fb}hfGYof] . x'Fbfx'Fbf Tof] /fhf xfd|f 3/dflysf] /ldt] 8fF8f]eGbf klg cUnf] x'GYof] . clg d rfOg] p;sf cufl8 e';'gf] hqf] x'Gy]+ .

;fgf] sIffsf O:s'nsf k':tsdf /fhf–/fhLsf uLt lyP, ltgsf syf lyP . ærf}tf/Ldf /fhf, Bf}/fnLdf /fhfÆ eg]h:tf uLt lyP tL . cfk"m ef]s} a;]/ eP klg /}tLsf k]6 el/lbg] /fhf eg]h:tf syf lyP tL . /fhf bofn', /fhf pksf/L, /fhf hftL — O:s'nsf k':tsdf /fhf c;n}–c;n lyP . ot} c;n, pt} c;n, tn} c;n, dfly c;n, htftt} c;n}–c;n . clg xfd|f k':tsdf /fhfnfO{ k'sfg]{ efiff klg /}tLsf] efiffeGbf a]Un} lyof] . ;jf/L xf]OalS;G5, /fh xf]OalS;G5, h'gf/ ul/alS;G5, s[kf ul/alS;G5 . s] s] alS;G5 s] s] alS;G5 Û ufF7\7] Û /fhfnfO{ k'sfg]{ efif} a]Unf] x'G5, cUnf] efiff . To;n] ubf{ d]/f cfFvfdf /fhfsf] ?k emg\ la5§sf] b]lvof] . 7"nf], a]Unf], cgdf]n df]tL eg]h:tf] . dfG5] dWo]sf] lxdfnr'nL dfG5] Û

kl5 sIff gf} / bzsf] c+u|]hL k':tsdf /fhf dx]Gb|sf] gfpF cfof] . k':tsdf /fhfsf gfpFsf] Pp6f nfd} kf7 lyof] . æb]znfO{ pHofnf]lt/ 8f]¥ofpg] /fhf dx]Gb|Æ eGg] To;sf] zLif{s lyof] . To; kf7df /fhf;Fu e]6 ePkl5 /fhfaf/] emg\emg\ cgf}7f s'/f dnfO{ yfxf eof] . /fhf dx]Gb| :ofF:ofF ;f; a9\g] psfnL eGb}gg\ . ;'n'Q lrlKng] cf]/fnL eGb}gg\ . /fhf g udL{ eG5g\ g hf8f] eG5g\ . /fhf cfˆgf k|hfnfO{ e]6\g gfgfjnL si6 e]mNb} lxdfn / kj{t, kfvf / kv]/f 8'N5g\ . d]/f afa} Û k]ml/ /}tLsf] /fhfdflysf] elQm slt ulx/f] Û ;'Gb}df crDd nfUg] . s'/f] s] /] eg] /}tLx? /fhfnfO{ lji0f'sf cf}tf/ dfG5g\ /] Û clg /fhfn] 6]s]sf] w"nf] l6k]/ lgwf/df 6Lsf nfpF5g\ /] Û To;f] ubf{ pgLx? cfk"m kljq ePsf] 7fG5g\ /] Û

To; kf7leq Pp6f pb]ssf] syf lyof] . 8'Ng lg:s]sf /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ e]6\g eg]/ Pshgf /}tL tLg lbg;Dd s'2} cfof] /] Û clg /fhfn] ;f]w] /], æltd|f] s] OR5f 5, eg .Æ /}tLn] lgx'l/P/ laGtL r9fof] /], ædf};'km ;/sf/ Û k|e'sf] bz{g kfP/ d]/f ;a} OR5f o:;} k"/f eP .Æ Sof :jfbsf] bz{g xls Û /fhfsf] bz{g kfPkl5 k]6 klg el/g], /f]u klg xl/g] .

To;}tfsfsf] s'/f xf], xfd|f] ufpFlt/ sf+u|];Lx?n] aGb's le/] . s'/f] s] /] eGb]lvg\ /fhf dx]Gb|n] k|hftGq df;] /] Û clg /fhfn] df;]sf] k|hftGq kmsf{pg eg]/ sf+u|];Lx?n] aGb's le/]sf /] Û cfhsf dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/x?n] h:t} . xfd|f] ufpF cf]/k/ sf+u|];L 5fkfdf/ / /fhfsf l;kfxLsf aGb's h'Wg yfn] . k8\sfpFb} 8\ofd\ ls 8\ofd\ . cGt d]/L cfdf Û /fhfsf l;kfxLn] ug'{ gug'{ cTofrf/ u/] . ;'Gb}df cfª l;l/Ë x'g] syf ;'lgg yfn] . ;ftf] hfg] vfnsf syf Û /fhfsf l;kfxL sf+u|];L 5fkfdf/nfO{ kqmfp u5{g\ . clg ltg} 5fkfdf/nfO{ vf8n vGg nfpF5g\ . clg ltgnfO{ ToxL vf8ndf uf]nL 7f]s]/ df5{g\ . Tolt dfq sxfF xf] / < Pp6f syf t s:tf] /] eg] /fhfsf l;kfxLn] 5fkfdf/x?nfO{ nfdf] ;'?ª vGg nufPsf /] . clg kqmfp k/]sf sf+u|];L 5fkfdf/x?nfO{ pg}n] vg]sf] ;'?ªdf sf]r]sf /] . clg ;'?ªsf] d'vsf v';f{gLsf] w'Fjf nfP/ leqsfx?nfO{ t8\kfO–t8\kfOsg df/]sf /] .

o:tf syf ;'Gb}hfFbf d]/f dgdf /fhf b'O{j6f eP . Pp6f k':tssf] /fhf, csf]{ ;fFRrLsf] /fhf . k':tssf] /fhf aofg ul/g;Sg' hftL 5, ;fFRrLsf] /fhf aofg ul/g;Sg' lg7'/L 5 . /fhfsf oL b'O{ ?k b]v]/ d t 5Ss k/]+ . Pp6f Toltlalw bofn', csf]{ Toltlalw b'i6 Û

d'6'sf] Aoyfn] /fhf dx]Gb| uP . clg pgsf] 7fpFdf /fhf jL/]Gb| cfP . Tof] a]nf d ufpFdf df:6/L uy]{+ . crDd eof], o;kfnf klg pxL afa'sf kfnfs} s'/f] bf]xf]l/of] . k':tssf /fhf jL/]Gb| ;fx|} c;n 5g\, ;fFRrLsf /fhf jL/]Gb|sf s'/f ul/;fWo} 5}g . cf]Tg] 5fgf], nfpg] gfgf / vfg] dfd 5}g, To;}n] cefuL ;'s'Daf;Lx? emf]8f kmfF8]/ 5fk|f 78\ofpF5g\ . clg /fhf jL/]Gb|sf k'ln; ltgnfO{ tfs]/ k'Sn'Ss} df5{g\ . To;}tfsf emfkflt/sf emf]+SsL l76fx?n] nfn em08f af]s] . clg v's'/L phfP . ltgsf] egfO s] /] eg] ul/vfg]nfO{ al;vfg]n] 7u]/ gfË} kf/] /] Û o:tf] 7Ug] lylt ;gSs} dfl;g' kg]{ /] Û sfd ug]{ hfFul/nfn] vfg kfpg], sfd gug]{ cN5Ln] 7Ug gkfpg] lylt rflxg] /] . tL emf]+SsL emfkfnLx?nfO{ klg /fhf jL/]Gb|sf k'ln;n] 8\ofª\–8ofª\ uf]nL 7f]s]/ v'q'Ss} df/] . emfkfsf] ;'vfgLdf df/], wgs'6fsf] l5Gtfªdf df/], l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] lk:s/df df/] . slt df/] slt Û

clg cfof] 5ofnL;sf] cfFwLa]/L . /fhf, k~r / k'ln;sf] cTofrf/ vlkg;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . cTofrf/sf] bf]xf]nf] sf8\g eg]/ sf7df8f}+df pNsf eof] . uf8L u'8\g] ;8s}el/ dfG5]sf] af9L pNof]{ . afkm /], l/;n] cfuf] ePsf tL dfG5]n] /fhfsf] gfpF sf8]/ s] s] eg] Û æjL/] rf]/, b]z 5f]8\ ÛÆ nf}, ltgn] t o;f] kf] eg] . eg]sf klg cGt xf]Og, /fhfsf] b/af/} cufl8sf] b/af/ dfu{df . ;fd'Gg]df /fhfsf l;kfxL 3'F8f df/]/ aGb's tfs]/ nx/} a;]sf 5g\ . t/ s;}nfO{ 8/ 5}g . cTofrf/ ;x]/ dg'{eGbf a? uf]nL vfg' lgsf] Û

Toqf /fhfnfO{ Toqf] aft nfPsf] ;'g]/ d t tLs 5Ss k/]+ . /fhf rf]/ < ltgn] Tof] s] eg]sf x'gg\ < o;f] sfg yfk]/ ;'Gbf kf] s'/f a'lemof] — :jL6\hNof{08 eGg] Pp6f b]z 5 /] . To; b]zsf] AofÍdf /fhfsf] k};fsf] /f; 5 /] . Tof] cfˆgf] b]zsf hgtfnfO{ ef]sef]s} df/]/ lgrf]/]sf] k};f /] .

OQ]l/sf Û oL d]/f sfgn] lhGbuLdf s] s] ;'Gg' k/]sf] xf] . To:tf]lalw cTofrf/ u/]kl5 b'lgofFn] rf]/ geg]/ s] egf];\ t <

k':tssf] /fhf hftL, ;fFRrLsf] /fhf rf]/ . k]ml/ klg d]/f] dgdf /fhf b'O{j6f eP . Pp6f bofn', csf]{ b'i6 .

hgcfGbf]ngsf] cfuf] wKwkL aNof] . /fhfn] ca ls efUg' kg]{ ef] ls e'mSg' kg]{ ef] . lar/f lktf–k'vf{sf kfnfb]lvsf] b]z 5f8]/ tL stf efu'g\ < hgtfsf cufl8 pgL e'ms] . /fd|f] ef], ca eg] /fhf jL/]Gb| klg lgoddf afFlwP . xfdL gful/sx?h:t} . htfht} pgsf] xfO{, xfO{ eof] . /fhf b'i6 lyof], /fhf hftL eof] . /fhf 5f8f lyof], /fhf dof{bfdf cfof] . /fhf cTofrf/L lyof], /fhf bofn' eof] . a8f] dhf eof], ca eg] k':tssf] /fhf / ;fFRrLsf] /fhf p:t}p:t} b]lvP .

lbg pHofnf] h:tf] lyof], PSsfl; cf}+;Lsf] cGwsf/ 5fof] . /fhb/af/df cl;gf k/]e}m+ uf]nLsf k/f{ 5'6] . uf]nLdf k/]/ a/f /fhf jL/]Gb| t uP–uP, kfkLx?n] pgsf j+zsf] aLpg} dfl;lbP, 5fgL5fgL . To;/L df:g] cnlR5gL xft s;sf] xf] <

dfg]{ xft bLk]Gb|sf] xf], b]v]sf xf}+ eGg]x?n] o;f] eg] . t/ /x:osf kq kN6fpFb} hfFbf dfg]{sf] cg'xf/ k]ml/+b} uof] . bLk]Gb| t bLk]Gb| t/ bLkGb|sf] d's'08f] le/]sf gSsnL bLk]Gb| kf] k/]5g\ Sof/ Û d]/L af:;}, ToxfF t slt slt bLk]Gb| Û

k]ml/ b/afl/ofx?sf b'Oj6f ?k b]lvP . Pp6f k':tssf] ;'Gb/ ?k, csf]{ ;fFRrLsf] s'?k ?k . g]kfnL hgtfn] vfO{–gvfO{ b/af/sfx?nfO{ eQf e/]sf lyP . ef]sf hgtfsf kl;gf vfg] cN5]x? g x'g\, ltgn] sfd gkfP/ cfˆg} xftn] /fhf ;d]tnfO{ l;WofP . leq}sfn] ldn]/ leqsfnfO{ EofP . ca cfˆgf] vf]6f] cg'xf/ t n'sfpg} k¥of], afFr]sfx?n] dfl/Psf bLk]Gb|sf] gfpF kf]n] . /fhb/af/sf] sfnf] kbf{ p7\of] / /fhb/af/sf] ;SsnL ?k b]lvof] . b]Vg klg x] b}j Û x]l/g;Sg' b]lvof] . b/af/df kf/; zfx eGg] Pshgf /x]5g\, a;La;L eQf vfP/ dflQPsf / kflQPsf . h;n] ;'sfd ub}{g, p;n] s'sfd t ug]{ g} eof] . bLk]Gb|nfO{ ægfd gv'n]sf] sfnf] kbfy{Æ xftnfuL ug]{ s'sfd log}n] u/]5g\ . xf], log} kf/; eGg]n] .

lxhf];Dd b/af/ kbf{leq lyof] . kbf{leq s] s] g /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] xfdLnfO{ e|d lyof] . xfdL k':tssf] hftL /fhfnfO{ x]Yof}{+ / b/af/sf] rl/q To:t} hftL xf]nf egL kTofpFYof}+ . t/ b/af/df uf]nL k8\s]kl5 eg] /x:osf] kbf{ Roftr't eof] . clg leqsf] ;SsnL s'/f ;a} aflx/ cfof] . b/af/ t emul8ofx?sf] hdft kf] /x]5 . ToxfF s;}sf] s;}dfly ljZjf; 5}g, s;}sf] s;}dfly e/ 5}g . k':tsdf ;a} s'/f ;]tf] lyof], b/af/leq ;a} s'/f sfnf] b]lvof] . ToxfF t d]/f afa} Û ægfd gv'n]sf] sfnf] kbfy{Æ vfg] / v'jfpg] rng klg kf] /x]5 . clg sfnf] kbfy{ cf];f/–k;f/ ug]{ lx/f] /x]5g\ kf/; zfx . log} kf/;n] t xf] bLk]Gb|nfO{ Tof] sfnf] kbfy{ lbPsf . lbPsf klg s;/L /] eg] d';'Ss xfF;]/ . gftfn] bfh' kg]{ bLk]Gb|sf xftdf sfnf] kbfy{ /flvlbg', Tof] klg d';'Ss xfF;]/ . kf/; o'j/fh bLk]Gb|sf] slt /fd|f] efO Û

kf/; zfx P]gf x'g\ . To; P]gfdf x]g'{, b/af/sf] ;SsnL rl/q 5n{Ë} b]Vg kfOG5 . oL kf/; zfxn] lxhf] u/]sf k/fqmd ;De]m/ NofpFbf ufF7], 8/n] g]kfnLx?sf d'6' yy{/L sfD5g\ . cxf], logn] dfG5] t slt df/] slt, e';'gf df/]e}+m Û k'tnL;8sdf Pp6f 6\ofS;L rfnsnfO{ logn] df/] . ptf gf/fg3f6df csf]{ PshgfnfO{ logn] df/] . clg b/af/sf 9f]s} cufl8 xfd|f Kof/f snfsf/ k|jL0f u'?ªnfO{ klg log}n] df/] . k]ml/ logn] u/]sf u'08fubL{ t emg\ ulgg;Sg' / elgg;Sg' 5g\ Û slxn] logn] xfQLuf}+8fdf pTkft dRrfP eGg] ;'lgof] . slxn] ;ft bf]af6f]df k'ln;nfO{ aGb's tfs] eGg] ;'lgof] . slxn] tf/] xf]6nsf h'jfsf vfndf pkw|f] dRrfP eGg] ;'lgof] . slxn] b/af/dfu{sf] k'ln; rf}sLdf k'ln;dfly xft 5f8] eGg] ;'lgof] . ug'{ gx'g] sfd–s'/f logn] olt / plt u/] eg]/ ;fWo} 5}g . xf] t lg, oL kf/; zfx b/af/sf] ;SsnL rl/q b]lvg] c:;nL P]gf x'g\ .

sxL+ gePsf] xTof gf/fglx6L b/af/df, sxL+ gePsf] d"Vof{OF l;+xb/af/df . o;kfnfsf] ;/sf/L ah]6df kf/; zfx eGg] Pp6f gfpF k/]sf] 5 . ah]6df tL kf/; zfx eGg]nfO{ dlxgfjf/L @% xhf/ ?lkofF eQf lbg] s'/f n]lvPsf] 5 . x}g, s'g kf/; zfx x'g\
tL < cfk}mn] rnfPsf] uf8Ln] lsr]/ dfG5] dfg]{ v]tLdf nfu]sf log} kf/; zfx < sfg'gsf] /fhdf xTof/fnfO{ sfg'g cg';f/ b08–;hfoF lbg] ls ;nfd 7f]Sb} eQf lbg] < P afaf Û xfdLnfO{ dfg]{nfO{ xfdLn] k]6 sf6]/ eQf v'jfP/ sltGh]n kf]l;/fVg] xf] < xfd|f Hofgdfly uf8L s'bfpg kNs]sfnfO{ eQf v'jfpg xfdLnfO{ s] vfFrf] < v'jfpg dg x'g]x?n] v'jfpg\ . dGqLx?n] v'jfpg\, ;f+;bx?n] v'jfpg\, d08n]x?n] v'jfpg\ . ltgn] cfˆg} eQf sf6]/ v'jfpg\ . t/ xfdL gful/sx?======

p;f] t d08n]x?n] l;s]s]f hDdf s'/f] b/af/ cufl8 uP/ hbf};fk\ ug'{ g} xf] . oltv]/ oL d08n] efOx? n'lsl5kL b/af/ uP/ eGg yfn]sf 5g\ — k|e' Û kf/; zfxnfO{ o'j/fhlw/fh agfOkfpFm .

o;f] uDgf]:t, gful/sx?sf nflu of] slt 8/nfUbf] s'/f xf] Û zfxHofbf x'Fb}df oL kf/; zfxn] oltsf dfG5] dfl/;s]sf 5g\ . o'j/fh eP eg] logn] slt dfnf{g\ < clg oL dxf/fh} eP eg]===.

/fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ k"mnsf] dfnf, g/fd|f] sfd ug]{sf k8\sfOlbg'k5{ ufnf . kftf kmsf{P/ h]n rnfg ug'{kg]{ cleo'QmnfO{ o'j/fhlw/fh agfpg /x/ ug'{ — P xh"/ Û of] s'/f] t cln xhd gxf]nf ls < à