b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr zf;s /fhf g} x'g] d'n'sdf ;d]t lg/+s'z /fhfx? sfl6Psf 5g\, v;L af]sfem}+ . cx+sf/L / :j]R5frf/L /fhf–dxf/fhfx? kmfF;Ldf em'08\ofOPsf 5g\, Hofgdf/f / 8fFs'x? em'08\ofOPh:t} .

/fhfåf/f g} ;Dk"0f{ zf;g–Joj:yf ;+rflnt x'g] /fi6«x?df klg /fhfx? v;L af]sfem}+ sfl6Psf] syf ;'Gbf w]/}sf] cfª l;l/Ë 'g;S5 . xf], /fhf–dxf/fhfx?nfO{ em'08\ofOPsf] Oltxf; k9\bf w]/}sf] /f}+ 7f8f] x'g;S5 .

/fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+z} gfz x'g]u/L gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/ xTofsf08 x'Fbf klg w]/}h;f] g]kfnLx?sf] cfª l;l/Ë ePsf] lyof], xTofsf08sf syfx? ;'g]/ w]/}h;f]sf] /f}+ 7f8f] lyof] . xf], To:t} 8/nfUbf] b'3{6gf ;f9] rf/ ;o jif{cufl8 a]nfotdf klg ePsf] lyof] . t/, To;a]nf /fhf v;L–af]sfem}+ sfl6Fbf g]kfnL hgtfem}+ a]nfotL hgtf /f]Psf lyPgg\ . a? pgLx?n] t xiff]{Nnf; g} dgfPsf lyP . /fhtGqnfO{ ˆofFs]/ u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{ kfPsf]df ljho pT;j g} dgfPsf lyP .

lsg To;f] ePsf] lyof] t < lsgls To;a]nfsf a]nfotL /fhf rfN;{ k|yd lg/+s'z lyP, cx+sf/L lyP, :j]R5frf/L lyP, ljnfzL lyP . pgL l;+uf] b]zsf] zf;g cfˆgf] d'¶Ldf v]nfO/fVy] . tL /fhf cfkm"nfO{ t b]ptf g} ;+emGy] . cfkm"nfO{ b]ptfn] a]nfotL hgtfdfly zf;g ug{ k7fPsf] b}jL k|ltlglw 7fGy] . clg dgk/L 9+un] hgtfdfly s/sf] af]em yf]ky]{ . x's'dsf] e/df zf;g ug]{ ub{y] .

xf], To:tf ;fF9]em}+ c+s'z g} gePsf /fhfsf] :j]R5frfl/tflj?4 hgtfn] ljb|f]x u/] . clg nfdf] u[xo'4kl5 hgtfn] pgnfO{ k/flht u/L d[To'b08sf] ;hfoF lbP . cGTodf pgL hgtfs} dfucg';f/ v;L–af]sfem}+ sfl6P, Ps} k|xf/df /fhfsf] 6fpsf] l5gflnof] . ;a}sf] ;fd' s;fO{sf] a~r/f]af6 pgL sfl6P .

ha lg/+s'z /fhf af]sfem}+ sfl6P Û
k|hftGqsf nflu lg/+s'z

/fhtGqlj?4 ePsf] a]nfotL hgtfsf] ljb|f]xsf] /f]df~rs Oltxf;

á /fh]Gb| dxh{g

;fdGt / /fhfaLr 3df;fg o'4

a]]nfot klg klxn]sf] g]kfnh:t} afO;] rf}la;] h:tf /fHodf ljeflht lyof] . tL /fHox?df zf;g ug]{ ;fdGtx? cfk;df nuftf/ o'4 ul//xGy] / hgtfdfly lgd{d pTkL8g ul//xGy] . ;g\ !)^^ df k|mfG;sf 8\o"s ljlnodn] a]nfotsf tL ;fdGtx?dfly ljho xfl;n u/L ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] lgdf{0f u/] .

ljh]tf ljlnodsf] j+zsf /fhfx?sf] zf;gsfnd} a]nfotL ls;fgx?n] /fhf / ;fdGtx?sf] pTkL8glj?4 7"N7"nf ;z:q ;+3if{ u/] . tL ;+3if{x? 6fOn/sf] ljb|f]x / /fa6{ s]6sf] ljb|f]xsf] gfdn] ljVoft eP .

csf]{lt/ clwsf/ vf]l;Psf ;fdGtx?n] klg cfˆgf k/Dk/fut clwsf/x?sf nflu /fhf;Fu l56km'6 ;+3if{ u/] . oL b'j} ;+3if{sf] k|ltkmn :j?k /fhfåf/f t]x|f}+ ztfAbLdf …;+;bÚ :yfkgf ul/of] . ;+;bdfkm{t\ ;fdGtju{ / ;fdfGo hgtfsf] cfjfh a'nGb x'Fb} uof] . To;kl5 rf}wf}+ ztfAbLdf uP/ ;+;bsf] cg'dltljgf /fhfn] s'g} s/ nufpg gkfpg] sfg"g;d]t aGof] . a]nfot / k|mfG;aLr ztjifL{o o'4 rln/x]sf] a]nf cfkm"dfly nufOPsf] of] c+s'z /fhfnfO{ k6Ss} :jLsfo{ lyPg . To;}n] /fhfn] ;g\ !$%%–!$*% ;Dd cfˆg} b]zleqsf ;fdGtx?lj?4 u[xo'4 5]8] .

cToGt lgd{dtfk"j{s ePsf] tL;jif]{ u[xo'4df clwsf+z ;fdGt / /fhfx? dfl/P . cGttM x]g/L 6\o"8/ gfds /fhkl/jf/sf Ps ;b:o ljhoL eP . pgL x]g/L ;Ktdsf gfddf /fhf ePkl5 ToxfF …6\o"8/ j+zÚsf] zf;g z'? eof] . pgn] ;+;bdf cfˆgf] kIfsf ;fdGt / clehftx? dgf]lgt u/]/ gofF s/ nufpg] clwsf/ k|fKt u/] . clg ;+;bnfO{ g} cfˆgf] s7k'tnL agfP .

6\o"8/j+zL dxf/fgL Plnhfa]y k|yd -!%%*–!^)#_sf] zf;gsfn;Dd k'Ubf a]nfotsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts pGglt lzv/df k'Uof] . …:j0f{sfnÚ elgg] Plnhfj]ysfnLg o'ud}+ z]S;kLo/sf] pbo ePsf] lyof] .

dxf/fgL Plnhfj]yn] klg …b}jL clwsf/ k|of]u u/LÚ lg/+s'z zf;g g} rnfOg\, t/ clt rnfv zf;s ePsLn] pgL hgtf / ;+;bnfO{ dVv kfg]{ sfddf slxNo} kl5 kl/gg\ .

Plnhfj]yn] h:t} ;fdGjojfbL 9+un] sfd ug{ g;Sgfn] pgsf] d[To'kl5 zf;s ag]sf /fhfx?sf] zf;gsfn cToGt ;+3if{do ;fljt eof] . :d/0fLo 5, lhGbuLe/ cljjflxt g} /x]sL dxf/fgL Plnhfa]ysf] d[To'kl5 a]nfotdf /fhu2Lsf] pQ/flwsf/sf] ;d:of pTkGg eof] . To;}n] pgsf lgs6td\ pQ/flwsf/Lsf ?kdf To;a]nf cs}{ b]zsf] ?kdf /x]sf] :s6Nof08sf zf;s h]D; :6'c6{ -!^)#–!^@%_nfO{ a]nfotsf] /fhf 3f]lift ul/of] .

s'g} ;kmn JolQmsf] pQ/flwsf/L x'g' eg]sf] To;} klg sl7g sfo{ xf], To;dfly zf;g rnfpg] s'g} sf}zn gx'Fbf s:tf] lahf]u xf]nf < xf], To:t} ePsf] lyof]– h]D; :6'c6{nfO{ .

Plnhfa]ysf] t'ngfdf x/]s lx;fan] afdk'8\s] b]lvPsf h]D; :jefjtM lg/+s'z lyP . wd{ / /fhgLltsf] ;+udn] b'j} kIfnfO{ ;+s6u|:t kfb{5 eGg] 1fg pgnfO{ lyPg, pgsf] 1fg To;sf] 7Ls pN6f] kf] lyof] . pgL /fhf eg]sf …O{Zj/sf ckl/jt{gLo OR5fsf k|jQmfÚ ;DemGy] . pgsf] ljZjf;cg';f/ /fhfn] t O{Zj/n] k|bfg u/]sf clwsf/x?sf] cfwf/df zf;g u5{ . /fhtGq;DaGwL o:tf] b}jL l;4fGtsf] k"hf ug]{ /fhf h]D;nfO{ s'g} klg vfnsf] c;xdlt, lj/f]w / ljb|f]x c;Xo lyof] . ;+;bsf] cl:tTj / pkof]lutfk|lt pgnfO{ k6Ss} ljZjf; lyPg . pgsf] ljZjf; b}jL l;4fGtcg'?k lg/+s'z zf;gdf dfq} lyof] .

/fhf h]D;n] :j]R5frf/L 9+un] cfˆgf cf1fx? hgtfsf] 6fpsf] dfly yf]kg{ yfn] . ha cfly{s ;+s6 cfpg yfNof], ta ;+;bnfO{ ;Dks{ g} gul/sg pgn] cWofb]zdfkm{t\ gofF–gofF s/ nufpg yfn] . pgn] ;f]r]sf lyP M clnslt lj/f]w u/]kl5 ;+;bn] cfˆgf cWofb]zx?nfO{ :jLs[t ul/xfN5 lg Û t/ eof] To;sf] 7Ls pN6f] . ;+;b / /fhfaLr 6Ss/ z'? eof] . ;+;bn] /fhfsf cWofb]z / k|:tfjx? k6s–k6s c:jLsf/ u¥of] . /fhfn] klg l/;fP/ ;+;bnfO{ e+u ul/lbGy] . km]l/ gofF ;+;bsf] cfXjfg ul/GYof] . To;n] klg /fhfsf k|:tfj / cWofb]z c:jLsf/ ul/lbGYof] .

oxL 6Ss/aLr Pp6f 7"nf] ;jfn p7\of]– …/fHosf] wgdfly s;sf] lgoGq0f x'G5 < ;fj{ef}d sf] xf], hgtf, hgtfsf] ;+;b ls /fhf <Ú – o:tf k|Zgx? h]D; k|ydsf] d[To'kl5 klg pl7/x] . pgsf 5f]/f rfN;{ k|ydsf] ;dodf t emg\ 8/nfUbf] 9+un] oL k|Zgx? p7] . clg To;sf hjfkmx? klg xfhL/ eP .

lg/+s'ztfsf] klg ;Ldf gf£g] /fhf

elgG5, /fhf h]D;sf 5f]/f rfN;{ k|yd of]Uo / k|efjzfnL JolQmTj ePsf zf;s lyP . pgL ;xL lg0f{o lng] / To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ Ifdtf ePsf /fhf lyP . t/ pgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] v/fa ljz]iftf lyof]– lg/+s'ztf Û :j]R5frf/L tfgfzfxLsf] ;Ldf kf/ ug]{ xb;Ddsf] lg/+s'ztf pgsf] 5ljsf] cleGg kf6f] lyof] . To;}n] pgn] cfˆgf lg/+s'z lktfeGbf w]/} sbd cufl8 a9]/ ;+;b;Fu ;Demf}tfxLg ;+3if{sf] gLlt ;dft] . wd{nfO{ /fHosf] gLlt;Fu ld;fP/ pgn] km/s wd{, leGg ljrf/ / cnu dt af]Sg] hgtf / ;+;bdfly bdgsf] gLlt clVtof/ u/] .

a]nfotL hgtf / ;+;bdflysf] bdgfTds gLltsf] sf/0fn] ;+;b eg]sf] lg/+s'z /fhf rfN;{sf] slxNo} ldNg g;Sg] b'Zdgsf] ?kdf ljsl;t eof] . /fhf h]D;sf] kfnfdf ;+3if{ x'Fbf lj/f]w ug]{ a]nfdf ;d]t slxn] klg c;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ gug]{ ;+;bn] rsf]{ ;+3if{sf] qmddf cGttM Pp6f cfwf/e"t ;jfn p7fof]– æa]nfotdf ca ;fj{ef}d sf] xf] < /fhf ls ;+;b <Æ

cfkm"nfO{ ;fj{ef}d 7fGg], O{Zj/sf k|ltlglw / k|jQmf dfGg] /fhf rfN;{sf] zf;gsf] klxnf] sfd g} ax'dt hgtfsf] lj/f]wdf eof] . wd{–;'wf/ cfGbf]ngsf] k|efj:j?k w]/}h;f] a]nfotL hgtfx? d"ntM O;fO{ wd{leq klg k|f]6]:6]G6 dtsf cg'ofoLx? lyP . To;df klg …Ko"l/6gx?Úsf] ;+Vof cTolws lyof] . pgn] o"/f]kel/ rn]sf] wd{–;'wf/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{, ax'dtsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ s'Nr]/ k/Dk/fjfbL Sofyf]lns dtsL !% jifL{of k|mflG;;L /fhs'df/L x]gl/oQf dfl/of;Fu lax] u/] . dfl/ofn] dxf/fgL ePkl5 cfˆgf >Ldfg\;Fu ldn]/ g/fd|/L ;Qf–zlQmsf] pkof]u ul/g\ . /, /fHosf dfldnfx?df pgsf ;Nnfx / k|efj w]/}h;f] a]nfotL hgtfsf nflu b'ef{Uok"0f{ g} ;fljt eP .

To;kl5 /fhf rfN;{n] Sofyf]lns dtnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ gLlt lnP . x'g t pgL k|f]6]:6]G6lj/f]wL t lyPgg\, t/ pgsf] wfld{s gLlt k|f]6]:6]G6lj/f]wLsf] ?kdf cleJoQm eof] . o;n] ubf{ ;+;b /fhfb]lv ;z+lst eof] . p;n] s§/ k|f]6]:6]G6 gLlt ckgfof] . To;kl5 t /fhf / ;+;baLr rln/x]sf] ;+3if{sf] :j?k /fhgLlts x'g'sf] ;fy;fy} wfld{s klg eof] .

:k]g;Fu o'4df g/fd|f] k/fho

a]nfotdf ;f]x|f}+ ztfAbL;Dddf gofF clehftju{ cyf{t\ a'h'{cfju{ -k"FhLkltju{_ /fd|/L ljsl;t eO;s]sf] lyof] . k'/fgf] clehftju{sf] ?kdf kl/lrt ;fdGtx? ls;fgx?af6 lt/f]sf] ?kdf kfpg] cGg / /fhfsf] ;]jfaf6 kfpg] kb / k};fd} 6fFl;/x] . t/ gofF clehftx?n] eg] hflu/ / k'Vof}{nL ;DklQsf] df]x 5f8]/ axLvftf ;dft], ;fdGtx?åf/f 3[0ff ul/Psf] pBf]u– Jofkf/af6 gfkmf sdfpg yfn] .

ls;fgx?nfO{ gf+uf], u/La / dhb"/ agfP/ km}nfpg yflnPsf] e]F8f–afv|fsf] 5fnf / pmgsf] pBf]u–Jofkf/nfO{ cem a];L lj:tf/ ug{ g} dxf/fgL Plnhfa]yn] :k]g;Fu o'4 u/]sL lyOg\ . ;j{k|yd clk|msf, cd]l/sf / ef/tsf] …vf]hÚ ug]{ :k]g / kf]r{'un;Fu o'4 n8]/ ljZjel/ cfˆgf] pklgj]z v8f ug{ yflnPsf] lyof]Ù tf ls cfˆgf] b]zsf a'h'{cfx?sf] pBf]u–Jofkf/sf nflu cfjZos sRrfkbfy{, ;:tf] >d / 7"nf] ahf/ ;'/lIft ug{ ;lsof];\ .

o;sf/0f, Plnhfa]y sfnb]lv g} :kg];Fusf] a]nfotsf] o'4 hgtf / ;+;baLr klg nf]slk|o lyof] . /fhf rfN;{n] klg :k]g;Fusf] o'4nfO{ hf/L /fVg] qmddf cTofjZos wg :jLs[ltsf nflu z'?sf s]xL ;do;Dd ;+;bsf] ;xof]u kfP . t/ ;+;bsf] rfxgf lyof]– o'4sf] ;+rfng of]Uo JolQmsf] xftaf6 xf];\ . rfN;{n] of] sfd als+3d gfds ;]gfkltnfO{ ;'Dk]sf lyP, h;sf] sf/0fn] a]nfotsf ;}lgsx?n] k/fho ef]lu/x]sf lyP . o:tf] l:yltdf ;+;bn] yk wg lbg c:jLsf/ u¥of] . rfN;{n] l/;fP/ ;+;b e+u ug]{ / gofF r'gfj u/]/ cfˆgf] cg's"nsf] gLlt nfu" u/fpg] k|of; u/] . t/ To;df klg pgL c;kmn eP .

o;}aLr, pgn] k|mfG;sf cToGt rnfv / s'zn k|zf;s l/zlnpmåf/f nf /f]z]n gfds :yfgdf 3]l/Psf k|mflG;;L k|f]6]:6]G6 wdf{jnDaLx?nfO{ d2t ug]{ lg0f{o x7ft\ ?kdf lnP . pgnfO{ kSsf yfxf lyof]– …of] sfddf cfˆgf] b]zsf], cfˆgf hgtfsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g kfOg]5 .Ú

t/ cfˆgf] lg/+s'z :jefjcg';f/ o;k6s klg pgn] hah{:tLs} gLlt lnP . hgtfaf6 hah{:tL s/ p7fO{, wgL / clehftx?af6 pwf/f]df k};f lnO{ pgn] d2t t k7fP, t/ To;af6 s'g} kmfObf ePg . nf /f]z]ndf k|mflG;;L k|f]6]:6]G6x?sf] xf/ eof] . To;kl5 t km]l/ Psk6s rfN;{n] abgfdL ;xg' k¥of] .

/fhfdfly ;+;bsf] klxnf] ljho

:k]g;Fusf] o'4df k/fhosf] kL8f / k|mfG;;Fusf] 6Ss/df abgfdLsf] Joyf Û –o:t} o:t} kL/–Joyfdf kmFl;/x]sf /fhf rfN;{n] ;g\ !^@* df ;+;baf6 gofF r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . ;+;b\n] cfˆgf clwsf/x?sf] dfukq (Petition of Rights) k|:t't u¥of] . To; dfukqaf6 c+u]|hx?sf] k/Dk/fut :jtGqtf pNn+3g gug{ / lg/+s'z Jojxf/ k|bz{g gug{ ;r]t u/fOPsf] lyof] . kqdf :ki6 zAbdf elgPsf] lyof]– ;+;bsf] cg'df]bgljgf /fhfn] gofF s/ nufpg kfOFb}g . /, dgk/L cj}wflgs 9+un] hgtfnfO{ aGbL agfpg kfOFb}g . ha;Dd o;nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Gg, ta;Dd /fhfnfO{ k6Ss} ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5}g .

rf/}lt/af6 alNemPsf /fhf rfN;{ ;+;bsf] dfukq :jLsf/ ug{ ljjz eP . xf], ;+;bsf] of] klxnf] ljho ;fljt eof], :j]R5frf/L /fhf / lg/+s'z /fhtGqdfly .

lg/+s'z /fhf rfN;{n] jf:tjdf jfWotfjz dfukqdfly nfndf]x/ nufPsf lyP . To;}n] pgn] cfˆgf k'/fgf gLlt / sfo{z}nLdf s'g} jf:tljs kl/jt{g u/]gg\ . o;}sf] kmn:j?k ;+;b / /fhfaLr ;+3if{sf] l:ylt sfod g} /Xof] . o;sf nflu /fhfsf k|zf;lgs dfldnf;DaGwL gjlgo'Qm k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ :6«fkmf]8{sf cn{ (Earl of Strafford) yf]d; j]G6jy{ / wfld{s dfldnf;DaGwL ;Nnfxsf/ cfs{ljzk nf8{{sf] pS;fx6n] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . pgLx?n] g} /fhfnfO{ ;+;bsf] cj1f ug{ / cfˆgf zfxL k/dflwsf/x? k|of]u u/L lg/+s'z zf;g rnfpg pS;fPsf lyP . of] pS;fx6n] rfN;{leq /x]sf] …b}jL clwsf/Úsf] efjgfdf km]l/ Psk6s XjfQ} cfuf] ;Nsfpg] sfd u¥of] .

c+s'z nufpg vf]Hbf ;+;bsf] lj36g

rfN;{n] ;+;bLo clwsf/x?sf] dfukqnfO{ a]jf:tf ul//x]sf] b]v]/ ;+;b lgs} c;Gt'i6 eO/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] ;+;bn] r'+uLs/;DaGwL ;d:ofdf /fhf;Fu vf]Fr] yfKg] lgwf] u¥of] .

/fhsf]ifsf] cfDbfgLsf] Pp6f lgs} 7"nf] ;|f]t eg]s} r'+uLs/ lyof], h;nfO{ …6g]hÚ / …kfp08]hÚ elgGYof] . a]nfotL k/Dk/fcg';f/ x/]s gofF /fhfsf] zf;gsf] z'?d} ;+;bn] of] s/nfO{ /fhfsf] hLjgsfnel/sf] nflu :jLs[t ug]{ rng lyof] . b'ef{Uojz rfN;{sf] zf;gsf] z'?d} of] cf}krfl/stf k"/f ul/Psf] lyPg . To;}n] ;+;bn] o;nfO{ ;'gf}nf] cj;/ 7fg]/ dfukqsf] lqmofGjogaf/] /fhfsf] 7f]; cfZjf;gljgf s/ :jLs[t ug{ c:jLsf/ ul/lbof] .

To;kl5 t rfN;{sf] qmf]wsf] ;Ldf g} /x]g . pgn] uf]Ko ?kdf ;+;b e+u ug]{ lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] ;"rgf ;+;b ;b:ox?n] kfP . To;kl5 pgLx?n] /fhfsf] :j]R5frfl/tfdfly c+s'z nufpg] y'k|} k|:tfj kf; u/] . clg 6g]h / kfp08]h -r'+uLs/_nfO{ klg clgoldt 3f]if0ff u/] .

!! jif]{ tfgfzfxL / hgk|lt/f]w

xf], To;kl5 ;g\ !^@( df /fhf rfN;{n] ;+;b\ e+u u/] . cfˆgf] :j]R5frf/L af6f]sf] sfF8f alg/x]sf] ;+;bnfO{ kG5fPkl5 pgn] !! jif{;Dd lg/+s'ztfsf] ;Ldf g} gf£g] xb;Ddsf] tfgfzfxL zf;g rnfP . pgL gofF–gofF s/ nufpg t ;Sb}gy], t/ cfDbfgL ePsf] /sd dgk/L 9+un] b'?kof]u ug{ pgnfO{ s;}n] klg 5]Sg ;Sb}gYof] . To;dfly vr{ lgolGqt u/L ;"rf? ?kn] zf;g rnfpg' pgsf] a'tfeGbf aflx/ lyof] .

Toltv]/ lg/+s'z zf;g cGtu{t pgsf] d"n p2]Zo lyof]– ;+;bsf] ;xdltljgf klg s/ nufpg k|oTg ug'{ / ;]gfdf cfˆgf] k"0f{ clwsf/ sfod ug'{ . o;sf nflu pgn] k|zf;lgs sfo{;DaGwL k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ yf]d; j]+6jy{nfO{ …n8{ 8]k'6LÚsf] x}l;ot lbP . clg ;g\ !^#! df cfo/Nof08df rln/x]sf] hgljb|f]x bafpg] gfddf ;]gfdfly k"0f{ lgoGq0f sfod ug]{ lgot;lxt ;]gfnfO{ Pslqt ug{ nufOof] .

o'4 jf zflGt, h] ug{nfO{ klg k};f t rflxof] g} . ctM k};f ;+sng ug{ rfN;{n] gofF pkfo vf]Hgyfn] . ;g\ !^#% df pgn] hn;}lgs zlQmnfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg] gSsnL of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/] . a]nfotdf ;+;b cl:tTjdf cfpg'eGbf cufl8b]lv lzk–dgL
-hxfh s/_ lng] k/Dk/f lyof] . ljz]iftM ljb]zLx?sf] xdnfnfO{ ljkmn kfg{ ;d'b|L t6df a:g] gful/sx?af6 ;–;fgf hxfh jf 8'+uf cyjf To;sf] ;§f k};f dfluGYof] . /fhf rfN;{n] ;+;bnfO{ gf3]/ k/Dk/fut hxfh s/ lng] k|yf Ao"FtfO{, To;af6 cfˆgf] cfly{s :jfy{ k"/f ug{ vf]h] .

pgn] l5§}g} ;a} If]qdf ToxL clgoldt s/ nufP, yk c? s/ klg nufP . ;8s / ;bgaf6 To;sf] s8f k|lt/f]w x'gyfNof] . ufpFsf ;fdfGo JolQm x]Dk8gn] s/ lbg 7f8} c:jLsf/ u/] . /fhf1f kfng gu/]sf] lgx'Fdf pgnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ul/of] . To; lu/ˆtf/Lsf] olt 8/nfUbf] hglj/f]w eof] ls x]Dk8g t hgtfaLr cToGt nf]slk|o eP . b[9tfsf wgL x]Dk8g t PsfPs …/fli6«o lx/f]Ú kf] ag] . ;+3if{sf] qmddf hggfossf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf x]Dk8gnfO{ ldN6gh:tf 7"nf sljn] ;d]t k|z+;f u/] .

b'O{ b]z;Fu PSs}rf]l6 ;+3if{kl5 ;+;b;Fu ;+emf}tf

o;}aLr /fhf rfN;{n] cfˆgf] csf]{ /fHo :s6Nof08df klg ;f]xL hxfh s/ yf]k/] . ;fy} O;fO{ wd{leq gofF k|ultzLn dtsf] ?kdf ljsl;t SoflNjg dtsf] :s6 ?k k|]:aL6]l/og dtn] h/f] uf8\g yfln;s]sf] :s6Nof08df klg a]nfotsf] P+lUnsg rr{h:tf] rfN;{k|lt k|lta4 rr{nfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ vf]h] . wd{ / /fhgLltnfO{ PSs} 7fpFdf ld;fpg] uNtL;Fu;Fu} s/sf] ef/ yf]kg]{ sfo{n] :s6Nof08df s8f lj/f]wsf] l:ylt l;h{gf u¥of] . cGttM ToxfF t rfN;{lj?4 o'4 g} z'? eof] .

ca rfN;{ PSs};fy b'O{j6f b]zdf n8\g ljjz eP, a]nfotsf] ;8s / ;bgdf, :s6Nof08sf] o'4 If]qdf . ljb|f]x / o'4sf] k|f/Ded} pgL cToGt ;+uLg l:yltdf kmF;], lsgls pgL;Fu k};f / ;]gfsf] cefj lyof] . o:tf] l:yltdf b'j} b]zdf ;+3if{ rnfpg' eg]sf] pgsf] ;fdYo{eGbf aflx/sf] s'/f lyof] . ctM ljjztfk"j{s pgn] clk|n, !^$) df P3f/ jif{sf] lg/+s'z zf;gkl5 ;+;bLo clwj]zg k'gM cfXjfg u/] . pgn] ;+;b;Fu ;Demf}tf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]/ ;+;b af]nfP M ;+;bn] :s6Nof08;Fusf] o'4df ;fy b]nf ls eGg] cfzf;lxt .

;+;bn] km]l/ Psk6s /fhfnfO{ k};f lbg c:jLsf/ u¥of] / lg/+s'z /fhfnfO{ c+s'z nufpg] dfux?;d]t k|:t't u¥of] . rfN;{n] ;Demf}tfsf] ;+efjgf gb]v]kl5 s]xL xKtfkl5 g} k'gM Psk6s ;+;b e+u u/] . yf]/} ;dosf nflu rn]sf] Tof] ;+;bnfO{ cNksfnLg ;+;b -z6{ kfln{ofd]G6_ elgG5 .

bL3{sfnLg ;+;b;Fu nfdf] 6Ss/

;+;b e+u u/]/ s] ug]{ < csf]{ af6f] pgL;Fu s] lyof] t < cxF, pgL;Fu csf]{ s'g} ljsNk lyPg . Psflt/ ljb|f]x / o'4 rls{/x]sf] lyof], csf]{lt/ cfkm";Fu k};f / ;]gfsf] cefj lyof] . o:tf] hl6n l:yltdf ;+;b;fd' em'Sg'afx]s pgL;Fu csf]{ af6f] ePg . To;}n] pgn] ToxL jif{ gf]e]Da/ dlxgfdf ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfXjfg u/]Ù nfdf] ;do;Dd rn]sf] sf/0fn] bL3{sfnLg ;+;b -n+u kfln{ofd]G6_sf] gfdn] rlr{t ;f] ;+;bn] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] .

;+;b z'? x'gf;fy /fhf rfN;{n] klxn]eGbf a];L s8f lj/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . ;+;bn] /fhfsf sl7gfOx? yfxf kfpFbf–kfpFb} klg cfˆgf k'/fgf hfoh dfux? k"/f ug{ bjfa lbof] . ;+;bsf] bjfa;dIf em'Sg'afx]s pgsf] ;fd' csf]{ s'g} ljsNk klg lyPg .

;+;bn] ;a}eGbf klxn] hg;+3if{sf] andf /fhfsf ;Nnfxsf/x?nfO{ s8f ;hfoF lbg] km};nf u¥of] . /fhfnfO{ lg/+s'z aGg ;3fPsf] / /fi6«3ftL sfd u/]sf] cf/f]kdf j]+6jy{ / nf8{nfO{ kmfF;Lsf] ;hfoF lbOof] . cfˆgf b'j} xftsf ?kdf sfo{/t cfkm\gf clt dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfxsf/x?nfO{ kmfF;Lsf] ;hfoF lbg] km};nf ;d]t /fhfn] jfWotfk"j{s :jLsfg'{ k¥of] .

To;kl5 ;+;bn] /fhfnfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ ;Dk"0f{ lg0f{o cfkm}n] ug{ yfNof] . p;n] hxfh s/ nufpg] clwsf/ vf/]h ug'{sf ;fy} :6f/ RofDa/ / xfO{ sldzg sf]6{ vf/]h ug]{ sfd klg u¥of] .

To;kl5 km]l/, Psk6s ;+;bsf] cg'dlta]u/ s'g} klg xfntdf gofF s/ nufpg gkfOg] u/L /fhfdfly k|ltaGw nufOof] . /, ;+;bdf lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj/f]wL ;f+;bx?n] /fhf / /fhtGqsf] wHhL p8fP/ efif0f lbg yfn] . ptf ;8sx? klg /fhtGqlj/f]wL qmflGtsf/L gf/fx?n] el/g yfn], kvf{n kvf{n gf/fx?n] /Flug yfn] .

/fhfsf cj}w s'sd{x?sf] kbf{kmf;

;g\ !^$! df ;+;bn] cToGt s8f k|:tfj kfl/t u¥of], h'g dxfg lj/f]w k|:tfj (Grand Remonstrance) sf] gfdn] ljVoft eof] . To; k|:tfjdf lg/+s'z /fhf rfN;{sf cj}w s'sd{x?nfO{ ;"rLa4 ul/Psf] lyof] . k"/} lg/Lx ag]sf rfN;{lj?4 kfl/t k|:tfjdf :ki6 zAbdf elgPsf] lyof]– /fHosf ;a} dxTjk"0f{ kbx?df ca To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ dfq cf;Lg ug{'k5{, h;nfO{ eljiodf ;+;bn] ljZjf; ug{ ;S5 .

lg/+s'z /fhfdfly ;+;b xfjL x'gyfn]sf] l:ylt jfWotfk"j{s ;lx/x]sf rfN;{ s'g} plrt df}sf / lgx'Fsf] vf]hLdf lyP . cfˆgf clgoldttf / s'sd{x?sf] af/]df ;+;bdf pQ]hs ax; x'Fbf t/jf/;d]t lemlsPsf] / em08}em08} /Qmkft x'gnfu]sf] va/ ;'g]/ v'zL ePsf /fhfnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof]– ;+;b o;/L ljeflht x'Fbf bdg ug{ lgs} ;lhnf] x'g]5 . To;}n] bdg ug]{ df}sf oxL xf] eG7fg]/ pQm k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] nuQ} pgL cToGt l/;fP/ ;+;b ejg k'u] .

pgnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof], ;+;b /fhfsf] lj/f]wdf Ps 5, t/ wfld{s k|Zgdf ljeflht 5 . ToxL dte]bsf] ;xf/f lnO{ ;+;bsf kfFrhgf k|efjzfnL g]tfx?nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ug]{ pgsf] bfp lyof] . pgn] ;+;bsf ;j{dfGo g]tf lkd / qmda]nsf ;fy} hxfh s/sf] lj/f]wdf n8\g] x]Dk8g, Xofhnl/u / xfnA; :6«f]8nfO{ ;+;bsf] clwj]zgaf6} lu/ˆtf/ ug{ x's'd lbP . t/ tL g]tfx? eg] efu]/ n08gsf] l;6L gfds :yfgdf n'Sg ;kmn eP . l;6L eg]sf] To:tf] 7fpF lyof], hxfF k|d'v Jofkfl/s ;+:yfg / a}+sx? lyP, hxfF ;+;bsf] s§/ ;dy{g ug]{ a'h'{cfx?sf] afx'Notf lyof] . o;sf] afFsL